نوشته Opening of the sales office of Toos Fuse Company – Mashhad اولین بار در شرکت توس فیوز. پدیدار شد.

Edison set up a research laboratory in New Jersey in 1876. This laboratory became Edison’s Invention Center, where he would work on his new inventions. While in this lab, Edison was working on industrial power grids, he developed the circuit breaker concept.

Installing lighting systems in large cities, Thomas Edison noticed that when a short circuit occurs, the current reaches very high levels. As a result, it can damage the string of lamps and even destroy them. So Edison used fuses with wires under a high current wave to solve this problem.

The first circuit breaker is installed :

The first circuit breaker was installed in 1898 at the Boston Electric Light Company’s L Street Station. This circuit breaker had an oil tank and upward contacts that were manually activated. In circuit breakers, oil was also used to reduce the heat generated from the arc created between two open contacts.

Improvement:

In 1900, Granville Woods improved the design of circuit breakers and invented the automatic switch. Woods was a self-taught African American inventor who patented many ideas for the railroad industry. His fame came from inventing a way for train stations to communicate directly with train conductors.

The first breaker manufacturer:

The Cutter Manufacturing Company was the first to produce circuit breakers in 1904 in Philadelphia. This product was known as ITE interrupter in those years. Today’s electrical catalogs show many different types of ITE circuit breakers.

final word:

In this article, we learned about the history of circuit breakers and how they were formed and changed over the years. Today, in the electrical industry, we see the use of various circuit breakers, such as miniature switches, life-saving switches, automatic switches, etc. which have been a big change in this field. Each of these switches are used in different places according to their specific application and meet the needs.

Read more:

“All about the Miniature Circuit Breaker”

“All about the Residual Current Circuit Breaker”

“All about automatic breaker”

“All about the contactor “

“All about fuse “

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Power grids are an attractive target for cyberattacks. In fact, the energy sector has become the main victim of cyberattacks around the world. In the UK, for example, 24% of all cyber-attacks were carried out on the energy industry, and research shows that more than half of the UK’s electricity companies were cyber-attacked in 2020. Currently, managers consider cyberattacks as their biggest risk.

Since electricity distribution systems are considered critical infrastructures, they are undoubtedly necessary for the functioning of society and economy. Therefore, any attack can paralyze the affected area and beyond. In addition, today’s electricity distribution networks are more complex, dynamic, automated and distributed, and are more interconnected than ever. Therefore, practically in this way, the network creates more vulnerabilities for hackers and increases the possibility of another potential attack.

Due to the attacks that have occurred in the world so far, hackers are constantly looking for new ways to enter networks and have been almost successful all over the world. The cyber intrusion at ENTSO, CS Energy, massive power outages at Mumbai dispatch centers, and the loss of 25 years of historical data at a small American company are just a few examples of hacker intrusions into power distribution networks.

Digitalization comes with cyber risk, but it has also made power grids stronger, safer and more sustainable

While it may be tempting to hold off on digitization efforts as a way to minimize cyber risks, the idea doesn’t make sense. Because the modernization of the network has given many opportunities to the electricity distribution networks. For example, digital transformation increases grid resilience, enables remote monitoring, improves load balancing, increases DER utilization, supports customers, and prepares the grid for more electrification.

A five-step approach to create more cyber security in the power distribution network

To take advantage of smart grid opportunities while protecting your assets, power distribution networks must prioritize cybersecurity and be proactive rather than reactive in their defense. All technology products, equipment and systems (from the sensor level to the application) must be designed and manufactured with security in mind. Most older embedded devices and power system applications were not designed with security monitoring in mind, while it is possible to enhance cybersecurity on existing equipment. In networks, products and equipment that have cybersecurity according to the IEC 62443 standard are safer.

Any approach to reducing the likelihood of a cyberattack must define and implement a robust and comprehensive cyber security strategy, which supports the business as a whole. Because cyber security, in addition to devices, also includes the security culture and cyber skills of employees. For example, while hackers can attack infrastructure directly, they can also cause damage through employees. For example, phishing attempts that lead to employees downloading malware.

Following this five-step approach can help build and maintain cybersecurity systems, which are as follows:

Assessment

First of all, to identify vulnerable areas, you should conduct an assessment with a comprehensive risk analysis and gap analysis.

Designing

You should design a secure architecture and a cybersecurity policy that defines a formal set of rules.

For example, informing employees or other authorized users on how to protect technology and information assets, identifying a list of assets that must be protected and the threats that exist for those assets.

Performance

Implement security control solutions (hardware and software) and select technologies that meet security standards. For example, using solutions that are safe by design can reduce risks when securing system components.

Supervision

Take a proactive approach to network monitoring and security devices.

keep

Cybersecurity strategies don’t just end with the deployment of a system, and you need to maintain your security plan. Power distribution networks must also be constantly updated and aware of known vulnerabilities and available patches. They must also have a comprehensive understanding of technology and obsolescence plans, and be required to trigger security assessments upon certain events, such as identified threats.

نوشته Cyber ​​security of electricity distribution networks اولین بار در شرکت توس فیوز. پدیدار شد.

Inside of the Miniature Circuit Breaker, when a short circuit is released within half a millisecond, the coil registers a fault by observing the increased current. After the fault is signaled the hammers move, causing the contacts to open.

Then when the fixed and moving contacts open, an arc is created between them, through which the current is established. Now with the contacts open, the arc is clearly visible. Next, the uneven pressure created on the arc causes the plasma wave to be pushed from the contacts into the arc quenching chamber.

The arc now enters the channel of uniformly spaced arc separators and is divided into smaller arcs, each of which is finally extinguished individually.

Then, in less than 3 milliseconds after the short-circuit current is released, the fault is completely cleared. The time it takes for the latch to reach its final position is 10 milliseconds.

Basically, there is an electric arc between two electrodes during self-sustaining gas discharge. If the open contacts are not far enough apart during the switching operation, only a small electric field strength is needed to continuously ionize the air.

In alternating current, the arc is extinguished at the zero crossing of the sinusoidal current wave. If the contacts are not sufficiently spaced apart after re-tensioning, the arc will re-ignite.

In fact, the goal is to prevent this from happening and quickly extinguish the arc. An arcing fault that is not extinguished quickly can cause major damage such as fire and explosion.

بیشتر بخوانید: “همه چیز درباره فیوزهای مینیاتوری“

نوشته Complex technology in Miniature Circuit Breakers اولین بار در شرکت توس فیوز. پدیدار شد.

So if you are looking for the most complete information about The Basics of Molded Case Circuit Breaker, this Toos Fuse article is written for you.

After reading this article, you will get answers to your important and basic questions about Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB) and you will understand important points.

• • What is the Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB)?

• • the Molded Case Circuit Breaker features

• • the Molded Case Circuit Breaker or Miniature Circuit Breaker?

• • The difference between the Molded Case Circuit Breaker and Miniature Circuit Breaker

• • Types of the Molded Case Circuit Breaker

• What is the Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB)?

The Molded Case Circuit Breaker is a protective device that is also called MCCB. This equipment is responsible for automatic and safe connection and disconnection of circuits. Because these types of Circuit Breakers contain electronic relays, they are used against circuit errors such as short circuit and overload. Therefore, this type of Circuit Breaker prevents drawing excessive current in the consumer and causing voltage drop.

Due to their small dimensions, the Molded Case Circuit Breaker occupy little space. Also, these types of Circuit Breaker cannot be repaired and their current range is up to 1250 amperes.

Read More: “The Circuit Breaker”

the Molded Case Circuit Breaker features:

• • Breaking power up to 150 kA
• • It has a current range of 25 A to 1600 A
• • With adjustable magnetic and thermal relays
• • Ability to use electronic relays
• • Having Shunt and Under Voltage relays
• • Having a mechanism to detect the cause of MCCB disconnection

the Molded Case Circuit Breaker or Miniature Circuit Breaker?

اصولا کلیدهای مینیاتوری نمونه کوچک شده کلیدهای اتوماتیک هستند. در ادامه به مهم‌­ترین تفاوت‌­های این دو کلید می‌­پردازیم.

• In addition to working in low pressure systems, MCCB are also used in medium and high pressure circuits. Because the tolerable nominal current range for MCCBs is much higher. The current range of MCB is up to 100 amps, unlike MCCBs that have a current range of up to 2.5 kA.
• MCCBs have higher cutting power than MCBs. The breaking power of MCBs is in the range of 10 kiloamperes, but MCCBs have a maximum breaking power of 200 kiloamperes.
• MCBs are not adjustable, but MCCBs are adjustable due to having thermal and magnetic relays.
• MCCBs have a longer lifespan.
• MCCBs have the possibility of automatic control as well as remote control.
• MCCBs have more precise protection.
• In MCCBs, the scope and ability to install peripheral equipment is much greater.
• The three-mode switch of MCCBs is another feature that cannot be seen in MCBs.
• MCBs are mostly used for home use and not for industrial use. But MCCBs are also used in industrial applications due to their adjustability.

Read More: “The Miniature Circuit Breakers”

تفاوت کلید اتوماتیک و فیوز

• Unlike MCBs, when a fault occurs and the circuit is interrupted, MCCB resets immediately.
• If there is a short circuit on the circuit, MCCB will close. The overcurrent relay of MCCB immediately cuts off the circuit, which is not the case with MCB.
• Unlike MCB, in MCCB, there is a space for secondary contacts, which can be used to see the status of MCCB by the signal light.

• Types of the Molded Case Circuit Breaker

• Non-adjustable MCCB (fix) :

In this type of MCCBs, the ability to adjust the current is not possible

• Adjustable MCCB :

This type of MCCBs, unlike non-adjustable MCCBs, have the ability to adjust the current

Electronic adjustable MCCB :

In this type of MCCBs, it is possible to set the current between 0.6 and 1 times the load current. This is done with the help of electronic relays.

Magnetic thermal adjustable MCCB :

In this type of MCCBs, it is possible to set the current between 0.6, 0.8 and 1 times the load current, which is done with the help of magnetic relays.

ACB – Air Circuit Breaker :

ACB or Air Circuit Breaker is an abbreviation of Air Circuit Breaker, which is included in the category of weak pressure MCCBs. The main function of this type of MCCB is to automatically cut off current at high amperage and with high cutting power. This type of MCCB supports from 630 amps to 6300 amps. Their other task is to use air to protect the electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current due to overload or short circuit. For this reason, these keys are also called Air Circuit Breakers. This type of MCCB supports from 630 amps to 6300 amps.

نوشته What is the Molded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB)? تفاوت با کلید مینیاتوری اولین بار در شرکت توس فیوز. پدیدار شد.